In asymmetrically dividing cells, organelles are frequently partitioned in a specialized manner to produce daughter cells with distinct fates. Depending on the organelle and cell type, ordered or stochastic strategies ensure faithful organelle inheritance ( Warren and Wickner, 1996). Together, these data suggest that coordination of mitochondrial transport, fusion, and fission is critical for asymmetric division and rejuvenation of daughter cells.Äuring the cell cycle, membrane-bounded organelles must grow, multiply, and travel to their proper positions in the daughter cells. Myo2-dependent mitochondrial distribution also is critical for the capture of heat stress–induced cytosolic protein aggregates and their retention in the mother cell. Inheritance of a less than critical mitochondrial quantity causes a severe decline of replicative life span of daughter cells. Similarly, fused mitochondria are essential for retention in the mother when bud-directed transport is enforced. Genetic analyses, live-cell microscopy, and simulations in silico showed that fused mitochondria become critical for inheritance and transport across the bud neck in myo2 mutants. A genetic screen revealed an unexpected interaction of MYO2 and genes required for mitochondrial fusion. Anterograde mitochondrial transport is mediated by the myosin motor, Myo2. We studied the role of mitochondria in this process using budding yeast as a model. Partitioning of cell organelles and cytoplasmic components determines the fate of daughter cells upon asymmetric division.